A real-time operating system（RTOS）is an operating system intended to serve（ ）application process data as it comes in，typically without buffering delays. A key（ ）of a RTOS is the level of its consistency concerning the amount of time it takes to accept and complete an application’s task；the variability is jitter. A hard real-time operating system has（ ）jitter than a soft real-time operating system. The chief design goal is not high throughput， but rather a guarantee of a soft or hard performance category. A RTOS has an advanced algorithm for scheduling.（ ） flexibility enables a wider， computer-system orchestration of process priorities， but a real-time OS is more frequently dedicated to a narrow set of aplications. Key factors in a real-time OS are minimal（ ）latency and minimal thread switching latency.
第 1 问
A. normal
B. real-time
C. user
D. kernel
第 2 问
A. characteristic
B. programming
C. structure
D. computer
第 3 问
A. equal
B. more
C. less
D. much
第 4 问
A. Scheduler
B. Programming
C. Network
D. User
第 5 问
A. language
B. network
C. interrupt
D. computer
参考答案: B A C A C
详细解析:
一个实时操作系统是一种服务于实时应用处理的操作系统，在进行数据处理中需要尽量少的延迟。实时操作系统的一个关键特性是它对完成一个应用任务时候对需要时间的可接受性，其可变性可用抖动来表示。硬实时操作系统的延迟抖动要比软实时操作系统小。实时操作系统主要的设计目标不是高的吞吐量，而是如何保证处理的硬实时或者软实时要求。在实时操作系统中会有一个高级的调度算法。调度的灵活性可以使得计算机会有一个更灵活的系统优先级处理方法，但是软实时操作系统更加符合比较特定的一些应用。在实时操作系统中的一个关键因素是要有一个最小的中断延迟和线程切换延时。
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