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        France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.
        Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That's a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death—as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
        The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.
        The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep—and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.
        The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.
        In contrast to France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter's main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.
        Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.
1.According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?
2.The phrase “impinging on” (Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to(  ).
3.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?
4.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for(  ).  
5.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?

第 1 问

A. Physical beauty would be redefined.

B. New runways would be constructed.

C. Websites about dieting would thrive.

D. The fashion industry would decline.

第 2 问

A. indicating the state of

B. heightening the value of

C. losing faith in

D. doing harm to

第 3 问

A. The French measures have already failed.

B. New standards are being set in Denmark.

C. Models are no longer under peer pressure.

D. Its inherent problems are getting worse.

第 4 问

A. pursuing perfect physical conditions

B. caring too much about models' character

C. showing little concern for health factors

D. setting a high age threshold for models

第 5 问

A. A Challenge to the Fashion Industry's Body Ideals.

B. A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France.

C. Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty.

D. The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry.

参考答案: A D B C A

详细解析:

1.应选[A]。考查考生把握重要细节信息的能力。
【试题解析】(1)本题难度适中。题干明示定位在第一段。(2)根据文章,“法国时尚界已经失去了界定女性形体美的绝对权力”(define),“雇用超瘦的模特走秀将是非法行为”(ultra-thin)。其言外之意便是“标准会被重新规定”。(3)第一段主要谈论的是“physical beauty”,选项[A]包含段落的文眼。(4)“define”这一概念是本文的重要关键词。基于这些线索,选项[A]最佳。

2.应选[D]。考查考生在语境中推测词义的能力。
【试题解析】(1)本题有一定难度。题干明示定位在第二段。(2)从构词法看,“impinge”与“impact”(影响)同源,意思比较接近。(3)根据文章,段首重点句陈述“这些措施有若干令人振奋的目的” (motives),上下文侧重分析“影响”(influence),而“有些对个人健康……的外貌标准将被重新规定”也就通顺了,换言之,“外形标准影响了健康”。(4)下文又提到“有些模特已经饿死了”,说明“impinge”应该是一种负面的影响。综合这些判断,选项[D]最佳。


3.应选[B]。考查考生把握重要细节信息的能力。
【试题解析】(1)由于原文多处出现了“fashion industry”,所以,只能依据题目的顺序,尝试着将本题定位在第四、五、六段,再对应备选进行甄别。(2)第四段介绍法国严厉的惩罚措施。第五段分析了时尚界的固有问题,提出了“制定自愿标准”(voluntary standards)的方案,暗示法国的解决方案未必可行。第六段便提出了针对固有问题的解决方案:“丹麦的做法与法国不同”(rules and sanctions),具体说,“修订了伦理纲领”(revised),有了新的实施办法。综合这些内容,选项[B]是最佳概括。

4.应选[C]。考查考生把握言外之意的推理能力。
【试题解析】(1)本题偏难。根据题干专有名词“CFW”定位在第六段。(2)根据文章,“丹麦的时尚产业界上个月同意了关于模特的年龄、身体状况和其他特征的规定和制裁行动”(health),“新修订的纲领规定:我们意识到时尚产业对人们形体类型目标的影响”(impact),根据纲领,“主要实施手段是拒绝设计师和经纪机构参加由丹麦时尚学院主办的哥本哈根时装周”。这些语句的言外之意是:设计师(designer)会受到惩罚(不能参加CFW),因为设计师忽视了时尚业对人们观念的影响,而这些观念又涉及健康。(3) “健康因素”是作者在本文反复提到的关键词概念。综合这些信息,选项[C]最佳。

5.应选[A]。考查考生把握全文中心主旨的能力。
【试题解析】(1)本题难度适中,需要综合原文各段话题、全文写作思路以及作者的写作目的综合判断。(2)从文章谈论的关键词概念看,“时尚界”“外形”“典型(典范)”是本文讨论的重点概念。(3)文章开门见山提出中心议题:法国时尚产业界已经失去了界定(define)妇女形体美的绝对权力。继而通过许多国家的实情作为事实支撑。最后作者给出了自己的看法:提高审美观念。(4)对比四个备选的合理性,选项[A]是本文的最佳标题。

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