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The architecture design specifies the overall architecture and the placement of software and hardware that will be used. Architecture design is a very complex process that is often left to experienced architecture designers and consultants. The first step is to refine the ( ) into more detailed requirements that are then employed to help select the architecture to be used and the software components to be placed on each device. In a ( ), one also has to decide whether to use a two-tier, three-tier, or n-tier architecture. Then the requirements and the architecture design are used to develop the hardware and software specification. There are four primary types of nonfunctional requirements that can be important in designing the architecture. ( ) specify the operating environment(s) in which the system must perform and how those may change over time. ( ) focus on the nonfunctional requirements issues such as response time, capacity, and reliability. ( ) are the abilities to protect the information system from disruption and data loss, whether caused by an intentional act. Cultural and political requirements are specific to the countries in which the system will be used.

第 1 问

A. functional requirements

B. nonfunctional requirements

C. system constraint

D. system operational environment

第 2 问

A. client-based architecture

B. server-based architecture

C. network architecture

D. client-server architecture

第 3 问

A. Operational requirements

B. Speed requirement

C. Access control requirements

D. Customization requirements

第 4 问

A. Environment requirements

B. Maintainability requirements

C. Performance requirements

D. Virus control requirements

第 5 问

A. Safety requirements

B. Security requirements

C. Data management requirements

D. System requirements

参考答案: B D A C B

详细解析:

参考译文:
架构设计指定了将要使用的软件和硬件的总体架构和布局。 架构设计是一个非常复杂的过程,往往留给经验丰富的架构设计师和顾问。 第一步是将( )细化为更详细的要求,然后用于帮助选择要使用的体系结构以及要放置在每个设备上的软件组件。
在( )中,还必须决定是使用两层,三层还是n层架构。 然后使用需求和体系结构设计来开发硬件和软件规范。 有四种主要的非功能需求类型可能在设计架构时非常重要。 ( )指定系统必须执行的操作环境以及这些操作环境如何随时间变化。( )侧重于非功能性需求问题,如响应时间,容量和可靠性。 ( )是否有能力保护信息系统免受故意行为造成的破坏和数据丢失。 文化和政治要求是特定于系统将被使用的国家。
A functional requirements(功能需求)
B nonfunctional requirements (非功能需求)
C system constraint (系统约束)
D system operational environment (系统操作环境)
A client-based architecture (基于客户端的架构)
B server-based architecture(基于服务器的架构)
C network architecture (网络架构)
D client-server architecture (客户端 - 服务器架构)
A operational requirements (操作要求)
B speed requirements (速度要求)
C Access control requirements (访问控制要求)
D customization requirements (用户要求)
A environment requirements (环境要求)
B Maintainability requirements (可维护性要求)
C performance requirements (性能要求)
D virus control requirements(病毒控制要求)
A safety requirements (安全要求)
B security requirements(安全要求)
C Data management requirements (数据管理要求)
D system requirements(系统要求)

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