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108. 将有序数组转换为二叉搜索树

给你一个整数数组 nums ,其中元素已经按 升序 排列,请你将其转换为一棵 高度平衡 二叉搜索树。

高度平衡 二叉树是一棵满足「每个节点的左右两个子树的高度差的绝对值不超过 1 」的二叉树。

 

示例 1:

输入:nums = [-10,-3,0,5,9]
输出:[0,-3,9,-10,null,5]
解释:[0,-10,5,null,-3,null,9] 也将被视为正确答案:

示例 2:

输入:nums = [1,3]
输出:[3,1]
解释:[1,null,3] 和 [3,1] 都是高度平衡二叉搜索树。

 

提示:

相似题目

有序链表转换二叉搜索树

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/** * Definition for a binary tree node. * struct TreeNode { * int val; * TreeNode *left; * TreeNode *right; * TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {} * TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {} * TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {} * }; */ class Solution { public: TreeNode* sortedArrayToBST(vector<int>& nums) { } };

golang 解法, 执行用时: 0 ms, 内存消耗: 3.4 MB, 提交时间: 2023-10-28 12:51:53

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * type TreeNode struct {
 *     Val int
 *     Left *TreeNode
 *     Right *TreeNode
 * }
 */
func sortedArrayToBST(nums []int) *TreeNode {
    rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
    return helper(nums, 0, len(nums) - 1)
}

func helper(nums []int, left, right int) *TreeNode {
    if left > right {
        return nil
    }

    // 选择任意一个中间位置数字作为根节点
    mid := (left + right + rand.Intn(2)) / 2
    root := &TreeNode{Val: nums[mid]}
    root.Left = helper(nums, left, mid - 1)
    root.Right = helper(nums, mid + 1, right)
    return root
}

golang 解法, 执行用时: 4 ms, 内存消耗: 3.3 MB, 提交时间: 2023-10-28 12:51:36

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * type TreeNode struct {
 *     Val int
 *     Left *TreeNode
 *     Right *TreeNode
 * }
 */
func sortedArrayToBST(nums []int) *TreeNode {
    return helper(nums, 0, len(nums) - 1)
}

func helper(nums []int, left, right int) *TreeNode {
    if left > right {
        return nil
    }

    // 总是选择中间位置右边的数字作为根节点
    mid := (left + right + 1) / 2
    root := &TreeNode{Val: nums[mid]}
    root.Left = helper(nums, left, mid - 1)
    root.Right = helper(nums, mid + 1, right)
    return root
}

python3 解法, 执行用时: 56 ms, 内存消耗: 17.6 MB, 提交时间: 2023-10-28 12:50:49

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.left = left
#         self.right = right
class Solution:
    def sortedArrayToBST(self, nums: List[int]) -> TreeNode:
        def helper(left, right):
            if left > right:
                return None

            # 选择任意一个中间位置数字作为根节点
            mid = (left + right + randint(0, 1)) // 2

            root = TreeNode(nums[mid])
            root.left = helper(left, mid - 1)
            root.right = helper(mid + 1, right)
            return root

        return helper(0, len(nums) - 1)
        

    def sortedArrayToBST2(self, nums: List[int]) -> TreeNode:
        def helper(left, right):
            if left > right:
                return None

            # 总是选择中间位置右边的数字作为根节点
            mid = (left + right + 1) // 2

            root = TreeNode(nums[mid])
            root.left = helper(left, mid - 1)
            root.right = helper(mid + 1, right)
            return root

        return helper(0, len(nums) - 1)
        
    def sortedArrayToBST3(self, nums: List[int]) -> TreeNode:
        def helper(left, right):
            if left > right:
                return None

            # 总是选择中间位置左边的数字作为根节点
            mid = (left + right) // 2

            root = TreeNode(nums[mid])
            root.left = helper(left, mid - 1)
            root.right = helper(mid + 1, right)
            return root

        return helper(0, len(nums) - 1)

cpp 解法, 执行用时: 12 ms, 内存消耗: 21.3 MB, 提交时间: 2023-10-28 12:49:53

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode* sortedArrayToBST(vector<int>& nums) {
        return helper(nums, 0, nums.size() - 1);
    }

    TreeNode* helper(vector<int>& nums, int left, int right) {
        if (left > right) {
            return nullptr;
        }

        // 总是选择中间位置左边的数字作为根节点
        int mid = (left + right) / 2;

        TreeNode* root = new TreeNode(nums[mid]);
        root->left = helper(nums, left, mid - 1);
        root->right = helper(nums, mid + 1, right);
        return root;
    }
};

class Solution2 {
public:
    TreeNode* sortedArrayToBST(vector<int>& nums) {
        return helper(nums, 0, nums.size() - 1);
    }

    TreeNode* helper(vector<int>& nums, int left, int right) {
        if (left > right) {
            return nullptr;
        }

        // 总是选择中间位置右边的数字作为根节点
        int mid = (left + right + 1) / 2;

        TreeNode* root = new TreeNode(nums[mid]);
        root->left = helper(nums, left, mid - 1);
        root->right = helper(nums, mid + 1, right);
        return root;
    }
};

class Solution3 {
public:
    TreeNode* sortedArrayToBST(vector<int>& nums) {
        return helper(nums, 0, nums.size() - 1);
    }

    TreeNode* helper(vector<int>& nums, int left, int right) {
        if (left > right) {
            return nullptr;
        }

        // 选择任意一个中间位置数字作为根节点
        int mid = (left + right + rand() % 2) / 2;

        TreeNode* root = new TreeNode(nums[mid]);
        root->left = helper(nums, left, mid - 1);
        root->right = helper(nums, mid + 1, right);
        return root;
    }
};

java 解法, 执行用时: 0 ms, 内存消耗: 42 MB, 提交时间: 2023-10-28 12:49:07

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
// 中序遍历,总是选择中间位置左边的数字作为根节点
class Solution {
    public TreeNode sortedArrayToBST(int[] nums) {
        return helper(nums, 0, nums.length - 1);
    }

    public TreeNode helper(int[] nums, int left, int right) {
        if (left > right) {
            return null;
        }

        // 总是选择中间位置左边的数字作为根节点
        int mid = (left + right) / 2;

        TreeNode root = new TreeNode(nums[mid]);
        root.left = helper(nums, left, mid - 1);
        root.right = helper(nums, mid + 1, right);
        return root;
    }
}

// 中序遍历,总是选择中间位置右边的数字作为根节点
class Solution2 {
    public TreeNode sortedArrayToBST(int[] nums) {
        return helper(nums, 0, nums.length - 1);
    }

    public TreeNode helper(int[] nums, int left, int right) {
        if (left > right) {
            return null;
        }

        // 总是选择中间位置右边的数字作为根节点
        int mid = (left + right + 1) / 2;

        TreeNode root = new TreeNode(nums[mid]);
        root.left = helper(nums, left, mid - 1);
        root.right = helper(nums, mid + 1, right);
        return root;
    }
}

// 中序遍历,选择任意一个中间位置数字作为根节点
class Solution3 {
    Random rand = new Random();

    public TreeNode sortedArrayToBST(int[] nums) {
        return helper(nums, 0, nums.length - 1);
    }

    public TreeNode helper(int[] nums, int left, int right) {
        if (left > right) {
            return null;
        }

        // 选择任意一个中间位置数字作为根节点
        int mid = (left + right + rand.nextInt(2)) / 2;

        TreeNode root = new TreeNode(nums[mid]);
        root.left = helper(nums, left, mid - 1);
        root.right = helper(nums, mid + 1, right);
        return root;
    }
}

golang 解法, 执行用时: 0 ms, 内存消耗: 3.4 MB, 提交时间: 2021-08-16 16:25:29

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * type TreeNode struct {
 *     Val int
 *     Left *TreeNode
 *     Right *TreeNode
 * }
 */
func sortedArrayToBST(nums []int) *TreeNode {
    return helper(nums, 0, len(nums)-1)
}

func helper(nums []int, left, right int) *TreeNode {
    if left > right {
        return nil
    }
    mid := ( left + right ) / 2
    root := &TreeNode{
        Val:nums[mid],
    }
    root.Left = helper(nums, left, mid-1)
    root.Right = helper(nums, mid+1, right)
    return root
}

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